Above Ground Fuel Storage Tanks (ASTs) are essential for safe, efficient, and compliant fuel storage across industries including agriculture, construction, mining, transportation, and power generation. Choosing the right AST and maintaining it properly ensures operational safety, environmental protection, and regulatory compliance.

In this comprehensive guide, we cover types, design considerations, regulations, installation best practices, and maintenance strategies for above ground fuel storage tanks.

Types of Above-Ground Fuel Storage Tanks

1. Horizontal Fuel Storage Tanks

Horizontal ASTs are designed for easy access and efficient fuel dispensing. Commonly used in farms, vehicle fleets, and industrial operations, they feature cylindrical shapes supported by saddles or skids for stability.

Key advantages:

  • Easy to transport and relocate
  • Simple installation and maintenance
  • Cost-effective for medium fuel volumes

2. Vertical Fuel Storage Tanks

Vertical ASTs are ideal for large-volume fuel storage when space is limited. Their upright design allows for high capacity without occupying excessive ground area.

Benefits:

  • Larger fuel capacity per footprint
  • Reduced evaporation losses
  • Long service life with proper coating systems

3. Double-Wall Fuel Storage Tanks

These tanks provide secondary containment for environmental safety. The outer wall acts as a barrier in case the inner tank fails, reducing the risk of leaks contaminating soil or groundwater.

Advantages:

  • Meets strict environmental regulations
  • Increased safety and leak protection
  • Reduced insurance premiums

4. Fire-Guard and UL-2085 Tanks

Designed to withstand extreme heat and fire exposure, Fire-Guard tanks offer thermal insulation and impact resistance, making them suitable for high-risk environments.

Features:

  • 2-hour fire rating
  • Ballistic and impact resistance
  • Compliance with UL-2085 safety standards

Design and Construction Standards

Above ground fuel tanks must meet industry standards for safety, durability, and compliance. Key standards include:

  • UL-142: Governs steel above ground tanks for flammable and combustible liquids.
  • UL-2085: Covers fire-protected tanks with enhanced safety features.
  • API 650: Specifications for welded tanks used in petroleum storage.

Design considerations:

  • Material selection – Carbon steel with corrosion-resistant coatings is standard.
  • Capacity – Ranges from 500 to over 50,000 gallons.
  • Accessories – Includes vents, gauges, ladders, and spill containment systems.

Regulatory Compliance for ASTs

Compliance ensures legal operation and environmental protection. Key regulations include:

  • EPA Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) rules for tanks over 1,320 gallons.
  • NFPA 30 guidelines for flammable and combustible liquid storage.
  • Local fire codes and zoning laws govern tank placement and safety distances.

Site Selection and Installation Best Practices

Proper site selection and installation are crucial for tank longevity and safety.

Site selection tips:

  • Choose a level, stable foundation away from ignition sources.
  • Maintain safe distances from buildings, property lines, and water sources.
  • Ensure accessibility for refuelling and maintenance operations.

Installation best practices:

  • Use concrete pads or engineered supports for stability.
  • Incorporate spill containment berms or sumps.
  • Install proper venting systems to control vapour pressure.
  • Ground the tank to prevent static electricity build-up.

Fuel Handling and Safety Measures

Safety protocols reduce the risk of accidents, spills, and contamination.

Key safety measures:

  • Label tanks with fuel type and hazard warnings.
  • Install overfill prevention devices.
  • Use secure locking systems to prevent unauthorised access.
  • Provide fire extinguishers and spill kits nearby.

Maintenance and Inspection Guidelines

Regular maintenance ensures operational efficiency and compliance.

Routine inspections should include:

  • Checking for signs of corrosion, dents, or leaks.
  • Inspecting vent pipes, fittings, and gauges for damage.
  • Testing secondary containment integrity.
  • Cleaning tank interiors periodically to prevent sludge buildup.

Maintenance schedule:

  • Monthly – Visual inspections for leaks and damage.
  • Quarterly – Check vents, gauges, and overfill devices.
  • Annually – Comprehensive structural inspection and cleaning.

Environmental Protection Measures

Above ground fuel storage tanks must minimise environmental risks.

Environmental safeguards:

  • Use double-wall tanks or external containment systems.
  • Implement spill prevention and emergency response plans.
  • Install leak detection monitoring systems.
  • Train personnel in fuel handling best practices.

Advantages of Above Ground Fuel Storage Tanks

  • Cost-effective installation compared to underground tanks.
  • Easier inspection and maintenance due to visibility.
  • Reduced environmental remediation costs in case of leaks.
  • Flexibility in relocation for temporary or mobile operations.

Choosing the Right Above Ground Fuel Storage Tank

When selecting an AST, consider:

  • Fuel type (diesel, gasoline, aviation fuel, biodiesel).
  • Capacity requirements based on usage.
  • Regulatory compliance in your location.
  • Space availability and site conditions.
  • Budget and long-term operating costs.

Conclusion

Above ground fuel storage tanks are a reliable and safe solution for industries requiring efficient fuel management. By selecting the right type, ensuring proper installation, and following strict maintenance protocols, businesses can maximise safety, compliance, and operational efficiency.